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useController

React hooks for controlled component

useController:
(props?: UseControllerProps) => { field: object, fieldState: object, formState: object }

This custom hook powers Controller. Additionally, it shares the same props and methods as Controller. It's useful for creating reusable Controlled input.

Props

The following table contains information about the arguments for useController.

NameTypeRequiredDescription
nameFieldPath✓Unique name of your input.
controlControlcontrol object provided by invoking useForm. Optional when using FormProvider.
defaultValueunknown

Important: Can not apply undefined to defaultValue or defaultValues at useForm.

  • You need to either set defaultValue at the field-level or useForm's defaultValues. undefined is not a valid value.

  • If your form will invoke reset with default values, you will need to provide useForm with defaultValues.

rulesObject

Validation rules in the same format for register, which includes:

required, min, max, minLength, maxLength, pattern, validate

CodeSandbox TS
rules={{ required: true }}
shouldUnregisterboolean = false

Input will be unregistered after unmount and defaultValues will be removed as well.

Note: this prop should be avoided when using with useFieldArray as unregister function gets called after input unmount/remount and reorder.

disabledboolean = false

disabled prop will be returned from `field` prop. Controlled input will be disabled and its value will be omitted from the submission data.

Return

The following table contains information about properties which useController produces.

stringReact.Ref
Object NameNameTypeDescription
fieldonChange(value: any) => void

A function which sends the input's value to the library.

  • It should be assigned to the onChange prop of the input and value should not be undefined.

  • This prop update formState and you should avoid manually invoke setValue or other API related to field update.

fieldonBlur() => void

A function which sends the input's onBlur event to the library. It should be assigned to the input's onBlur prop.

fieldvalueunknown

The current value of the controlled component.

fielddisabledboolean

The disabled state of the input.

fieldname

Input's name being registered.

fieldref

A ref used to connect hook form to the input. Assign ref to component's input ref to allow hook form to focus the error input.

fieldStateinvalidboolean

Invalid state for current input.

fieldStateisTouchedboolean

Touched state for current controlled input.

fieldStateisDirtyboolean

Dirty state for current controlled input.

fieldStateerrorobject

error for this specific input.

formStateisDirtyboolean

Set to true after the user modifies any of the inputs.

  • Important: Make sure to provide all inputs' defaultValues at the useForm, so hook form can have a single source of truth to compare whether the form is dirty.

    const {
      formState: { isDirty, dirtyFields },
      setValue,
    } = useForm({ defaultValues: { test: "" } });
    

    // isDirty: true
    setValue('test', 'change')
     
    // isDirty: false because there getValues() === defaultValues
    setValue('test', '')

  • File typed input will need to be managed at the app level due to the ability to cancel file selection and FileList object.

  • Do not support custom object, Class or File object.

formStatedirtyFieldsobject

An object with the user-modified fields. Make sure to provide all inputs' defaultValues via useForm, so the library can compare against the defaultValues.

  • Important: Make sure to provide defaultValues at the useForm, so hook form can have a single source of truth to compare each field's dirtiness.

  • Dirty fields will not represent as isDirty formState, because dirty fields are marked field dirty at field level rather the entire form. If you want to determine the entire form state use isDirty instead.

formStatetouchedFieldsobjectAn object containing all the inputs the user has interacted with.
formStatedefaultValuesobject

The value which has been set at useForm's defaultValues or updated defaultValues via reset API.

formStateisSubmittedbooleanSet to true after the form is submitted. Will remain true until the reset method is invoked.
formStateisSubmitSuccessfulboolean

Indicate the form was successfully submitted without any runtime error.

formStateisSubmittingbooleantrue if the form is currently being submitted. false otherwise.
formStateisLoadingboolean

true if the form is currently loading async default values.

Important: this prop is only applicable to async defaultValues

const { 
  formState: { isLoading } 
} = useForm({ 
  defaultValues: async () => await fetch('/api') 
});
formStatesubmitCountnumberNumber of times the form was submitted.
formStateisValidboolean
Set to true if the form doesn't have any errors.

setError has no effect on isValid formState, isValid will always derived via the entire form validation result.

formStateisValidatingbooleanSet to true during validation.
formStatevalidatingFieldsbooleanCapture fields which are getting async validation.
formStateerrorsobjectAn object with field errors. There is also an ErrorMessage component to retrieve error message easily.

Examples

CodeSandbox JS
import { TextField } from "@material-ui/core";
import { useController, useForm } from "react-hook-form";


function Input({ control, name }) {
  const {
    field,
    fieldState: { invalid, isTouched, isDirty },
    formState: { touchedFields, dirtyFields }
  } = useController({
    name,
    control,
    rules: { required: true },
  });


  return (
    <TextField 
      onChange={field.onChange} // send value to hook form 
      onBlur={field.onBlur} // notify when input is touched/blur
      value={field.value} // input value
      name={field.name} // send down the input name
      inputRef={field.ref} // send input ref, so we can focus on input when error appear
    />
  );
}
CodeSandbox TS
import * as React from "react";
import { useController, useForm } from "react-hook-form";


const Checkboxes = ({ options, control, name }) => {
  const { field } = useController({
    control,
    name
  });
  const [value, setValue] = React.useState(field.value || []);


  return (
    <>
      {options.map((option, index) => (
        <input
          onChange={(e) => {
            const valueCopy = [...value];


            // update checkbox value
            valueCopy[index] = e.target.checked ? e.target.value : null;


            // send data to react hook form
            field.onChange(valueCopy);


            // update local state
            setValue(valueCopy);
          }}
          key={option}
          checked={value.includes(option)}
          type="checkbox"
          value={option}
        />
      ))}
    </>
  );
};


export default function App() {
  const { register, handleSubmit, control } = useForm({
    defaultValues: {
      controlled: [],
      uncontrolled: []
    }
  });
  const onSubmit = (data) => console.log(data);


  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)}>
      <section>
        <h2>uncontrolled</h2>
        <input {...register("uncontrolled")} type="checkbox" value="A" />
        <input {...register("uncontrolled")} type="checkbox" value="B" />
        <input {...register("uncontrolled")} type="checkbox" value="C" />
      </section>


      <section>
        <h2>controlled</h2>
        <Checkboxes
          options={["a", "b", "c"]}
          control={control}
          name="controlled"
        />
      </section>
      <input type="submit" />
    </form>
  );
}

Tips

  • It's important to be aware of each prop's responsibility when working with external controlled components, such as MUI, AntD, Chakra UI. Its job is to spy on the input, report, and set its value.

    • onChange: send data back to hook form

    • onBlur: report input has been interacted (focus and blur)

    • value: set up input initial and updated value

    • ref: allow input to be focused with error

    • name: give input an unique name

    It's fine to host your state and combined with useController.

    CodeSandbox TS
    const { field } = useController();
    const [value, setValue] = useState(field.value);
    

    onChange={(event) => {
      field.onChange(parseInt(event.target.value)) // data send back to hook form
      setValue(event.target.value) // UI state
    }}

  • Do not register input again. This custom hook is designed to take care of the registration process.

    const { field } = useController({ name: 'test' })
    

    <input {...field} /> // ✅
    <input {...field} {...register('test')} /> // ❌ double up the registration

  • It's ideal to use a single useController per component. If you need to use more than one, make sure you rename the prop. May want to consider using Controller instead.

    const { field: input } = useController({ name: 'test' })
    const { field: checkbox } = useController({ name: 'test1' })
    

    <input {...input} />
    <input {...checkbox} />
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